research: begin IP address ownership and routing map

2026-07-20 18:52:14 +00:00
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+# 0.0.0.0
+
+## Answer
+
+`0.0.0.0` is **not an ordinary public address owned by a company**. IANA records both the exact `0.0.0.0/32` address and its `0.0.0.0/8` parent as special-purpose protocol space.
+
+| Axis | Finding |
+|---|---|
+| Exact registry entry | `0.0.0.0/32` |
+| IANA name | “This host on this network” |
+| Parent block | `0.0.0.0/8` — “This network” |
+| Organizational holder | None; reserved by the IP protocol |
+| Destination allowed | No |
+| Forwardable | No |
+| Globally reachable | No |
+| Normal route origin | None expected |
+
+## Meaning
+
+The exact all-zero address is used as an unspecified source address in limited host-initialization contexts. It must not be treated as a normal globally reachable destination or as an address assigned to an ISP, cloud, or person.
+
+## Sources
+
+- [IANA IPv4 Special-Purpose Address Space](https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv4-special-registry/iana-ipv4-special-registry.xhtml), checked 2026-07-20
+- [RFC 1122, section 3.2.1.3](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1122.html#section-3.2.1.3)
+- [RFC 791](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc791.html)
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+# 1.1.1.1
+
+## Answer
+
+`1.1.1.1` demonstrates why “owner” must be split into multiple relationships.
+
+| Axis | Finding |
+|---|---|
+| Exact address | `1.1.1.1` |
+| Registered covering prefix | `1.1.1.0/24` |
+| Registry | APNIC |
+| RDAP network name/type | `APNIC-LABS` / `ASSIGNED PORTABLE` |
+| RDAP registrant | APNIC Research and Development |
+| Current announced prefix | `1.1.1.0/24` |
+| Current route origin | `AS13335` |
+| Origin holder | Cloudflare, Inc. (`CLOUDFLARENET`) |
+| Operator/service | Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 public recursive DNS resolver |
+| Project relationship | APNIC–Cloudflare DNS Resolver project |
+| Globally routed | Yes |
+
+## Interpretation
+
+- **Registration:** APNIC RDAP identifies the resource as `APNIC-LABS` and the registrant as APNIC Research and Development.
+- **Routing:** RIPEstat reports `1.1.1.0/24` announced by `AS13335`, Cloudflare.
+- **Operation/service:** Cloudflare publicly documents `1.1.1.1` as its consumer recursive DNS service.
+- **Relationship:** APNIC RDAP explicitly describes an APNIC and Cloudflare DNS Resolver project and says the research prefix is routed globally by AS13335/Cloudflare.
+
+Therefore, saying only “Cloudflare owns 1.1.1.1” loses important registry context. A more accurate statement is: **the covering prefix is registered through APNIC to APNIC Research and Development, while Cloudflare originates the route and operates the public resolver service as part of the documented collaboration.**
+
+## Sources
+
+- [APNIC RDAP record](https://rdap.apnic.net/ip/1.1.1.1), checked 2026-07-20
+- [RIPEstat prefix overview](https://stat.ripe.net/data/prefix-overview/data.json?resource=1.1.1.1), checked 2026-07-20
+- [Cloudflare launch announcement](https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-1111/)